Logical Reasoning Reviewer 13 (Verbal)
1. Four people witnessed a robbery. Each gave a different description of the robber. Which description is probably right?
a. He was average height, thin, and middle-aged.
b. He was tall, thin, and middle-aged.
c. He was tall, thin, and young.
d. He was tall, of average weight, and middle-aged.
Answer: B
Tall, thin, and middle-aged are the elements of the description repeated most often and are therefore the most likely to be accurate.
2. Erin is twelve years old. For three years, she has been asking her parents for a dog. Her parents have told her that they believe a dog would not be happy in an apartment, but they have given her permission to have a bird. Erin has not yet decided what kind of bird she would like to have.
a. Erin's parents like birds better than they like dogs.
b. Erin does not like birds.
c. Erin and her parents live in an apartment.
d. Erin and her parents would like to move.
Answer: C
Since Erin's parents think a dog would not be happy in an apartment, we can reasonably conclude that the family lives in an apartment. We do not know if Erin's parents dislike dogs (choice a) or if Erin dislikes birds (choice b). There is no support for choice d.
3. Based on the following statements, which is the correct conclusion drawn.
Only gentlemen can become members of the club.
Many of the members of the club are officers.
Some of the officers have been invited for dinner.
a. All the members of the club have been invited for dinner.
b. Some of the officers are not gentlemen.
c. All gentlemen are members of the club.
d. Only gentlemen have been invited for dinner.
Answer: D
4. The high school math department needs to appoint a new chairperson, which will be based on seniority. Ms. Tapia has less seniority than Mr.Bean, but more than Ms. Minchin. Mr. Yoso has more seniority than Ms. Tapia, but less than Mr. Bean. Mr. Bean doesn't want the job. Who will be the new math department chairperson?
a. Mr. Yoso
b. Mr. Bean
c. Ms. Tapia
d. Ms. Minchin
Answer: A
Mr. Bean has the most seniority, but he does not want the job. Next in line is Mr. Yoso, who has more seniority than Ms. Tapia or Ms. Minchin.
5. Rover weighs less than Fido. Rover weighs more than Boomer. Of the three dogs, Boomer weighs the least. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is:
True
False
Uncertain
Answer: True
According to the first two statements, Fido weighs the most and Boomer weighs the least.
6. All beggars are poor. Which of the following conclusions is valid from the given statement?
1. If Carlo is a beggar then Carlo is poor.
2. All of those who are poor are beggars.
3. If Jocelyn is poor then she is a beggar.
4. If Beth is not a beggar, then she is rich.
Answer: A
Choices 2 and 3 are incorrect. What is known only is that all beggars are poor, but it is not stated if all poor people are beggars. Choice 4 is also wrong because if a person is not a beggar, it does not necessarily follow that a person is rich. Thus, the correct answer is choice 1.
7. Which of the following diagrams indicates the best relation between Bulb, Lamp and Light ?
a. He was average height, thin, and middle-aged.
b. He was tall, thin, and middle-aged.
c. He was tall, thin, and young.
d. He was tall, of average weight, and middle-aged.
Answer: B
Tall, thin, and middle-aged are the elements of the description repeated most often and are therefore the most likely to be accurate.
2. Erin is twelve years old. For three years, she has been asking her parents for a dog. Her parents have told her that they believe a dog would not be happy in an apartment, but they have given her permission to have a bird. Erin has not yet decided what kind of bird she would like to have.
a. Erin's parents like birds better than they like dogs.
b. Erin does not like birds.
c. Erin and her parents live in an apartment.
d. Erin and her parents would like to move.
Answer: C
Since Erin's parents think a dog would not be happy in an apartment, we can reasonably conclude that the family lives in an apartment. We do not know if Erin's parents dislike dogs (choice a) or if Erin dislikes birds (choice b). There is no support for choice d.
3. Based on the following statements, which is the correct conclusion drawn.
Only gentlemen can become members of the club.
Many of the members of the club are officers.
Some of the officers have been invited for dinner.
a. All the members of the club have been invited for dinner.
b. Some of the officers are not gentlemen.
c. All gentlemen are members of the club.
d. Only gentlemen have been invited for dinner.
Answer: D
4. The high school math department needs to appoint a new chairperson, which will be based on seniority. Ms. Tapia has less seniority than Mr.Bean, but more than Ms. Minchin. Mr. Yoso has more seniority than Ms. Tapia, but less than Mr. Bean. Mr. Bean doesn't want the job. Who will be the new math department chairperson?
a. Mr. Yoso
b. Mr. Bean
c. Ms. Tapia
d. Ms. Minchin
Answer: A
Mr. Bean has the most seniority, but he does not want the job. Next in line is Mr. Yoso, who has more seniority than Ms. Tapia or Ms. Minchin.
5. Rover weighs less than Fido. Rover weighs more than Boomer. Of the three dogs, Boomer weighs the least. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is:
True
False
Uncertain
Answer: True
According to the first two statements, Fido weighs the most and Boomer weighs the least.
6. All beggars are poor. Which of the following conclusions is valid from the given statement?
1. If Carlo is a beggar then Carlo is poor.
2. All of those who are poor are beggars.
3. If Jocelyn is poor then she is a beggar.
4. If Beth is not a beggar, then she is rich.
Answer: A
Choices 2 and 3 are incorrect. What is known only is that all beggars are poor, but it is not stated if all poor people are beggars. Choice 4 is also wrong because if a person is not a beggar, it does not necessarily follow that a person is rich. Thus, the correct answer is choice 1.
7. Which of the following diagrams indicates the best relation between Bulb, Lamp and Light ?
8. All government officials are diligent. Mel is a government official. Therefore, _________.
a. Mel is not a government official.
b. Mel is diligent.
c. Mel is not diligent.
d. Mel may not be diligent.
Answer: B
Since all government officials are diligent and Mel is a government official (a part of the set being described), it is, therefore, true that Mel is diligent.
9. Which of the following diagrams indicates the best relation between Moon, Sun and Earth ?
a. Mel is not a government official.
b. Mel is diligent.
c. Mel is not diligent.
d. Mel may not be diligent.
Answer: B
Since all government officials are diligent and Mel is a government official (a part of the set being described), it is, therefore, true that Mel is diligent.
9. Which of the following diagrams indicates the best relation between Moon, Sun and Earth ?
10. Circle indicates 'strong', square indicates 'tall' and triangle 'army officers'. The strong army officers who are not tall are shown: